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The DB Class 403 was a series of three electric multiple units commissioned by the Deutsche Bundesbahn in the 1970s, an early predecessor of the Intercity-Express as a high-speed train. The units were mainly used for InterCity services and again by the Lufthansa airline in the 1980s. Due to their distinct design of the front section, they were nicknamed "Donald Duck". They were designed for operation speeds of up to 220 km/h, a speed which was also attained in extensive test drives, but they were limited to 200 km/h in regular DB service. ==Development== After the development and introduction of the E03 highspeed-locomotive the Deutsche Bundesbahn ordered the railway industry to propose designs for an ''Elektro Triebwagen''〔Riechers, Daniel (2006) (in German), ''Neue Züge für Deutschlands Schnellverkehr'', Stuttgart:Transpress Verlag ISBN 3-613-71172-9 page 26〕 (highspeed electric multiple unit) capable to operate with 200 km/h on the planned InterCity network.〔Eikhoff, Dieter (2006) (in German), ''Alles über den ICE'', Stuttgart:Transpress Verlag ISBN 978-3-613-71277-5 page 14〕 On 24 May 1970 the Deutsche Bundesbahn decided to order three prototypes and ordered various German companies to built the trains. Linke-Hoffmann-Busch built six driving cars, designated as class 403.0, MBB built three coaches (class 404.0) and three dining cars (class 404.1). The bogies were built by MAN and the electric equipement was built by AEG, BBC and Siemens.〔TEE Züge in Deutschland p. 32.〕 All axles of the train were powered and the train featured a tiliting mechanism as many new developments in the early 1970s, e.g. the British Advanced Passenger Train.〔La Légende des TEE p. 68.〕 With the twelve cars built three prototype electric multiple units consisting of 1 drivingcar + 1 coach + 1 diningcar + 1 drivingcar were formed: * EMU 1: 403 001 + 404 001 + 404 101 + 403 002 * EMU 2: 403 003 + 404 002 + 404 102 + 403 004 * EMU 3: 403 005 + 404 003 + 404 103 + 403 006 Thanks to the powered bogies on every car the train could be enlarged with extra coaches. The concept of powered bogies was applied to the InterCityExpress 3, also designated as class 403, some decades later. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「DB Class 403」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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